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ESC102 · Engineering Science Praxis II · 2026

Bobby Xiao

Good engineering starts with understanding yourself, understanding who you build for, and applying a rigorous process to connect the two.

Bobby Xiao

Position Statement

Good engineering requires three things: understanding your own assumptions and limitations, understanding the people you are building for, and applying a rigorous process to validate both.

Position Over Time

Sep 2025 Starting position
Engineering is not about proving what I can build. It is about understanding who I am building for, and whether it truly works in their reality.
Dec 2025 After Praxis I

I began valuing secondary research as a way to better understand the stakeholders. Interviews alone are not enough to steelman a framing claim.

Dec 2025 After CIV102 Bridge

I extended my value of stakeholder reality to physical reality itself. A model that is not validated against what it claims to represent is speculative, regardless of how rigorous the mathematics are. I now approach every design with the question: what are we assuming, and when will we test it?

Apr 2026 After Praxis II

My core values remain the same: understand our own limitations, understand stakeholders through scientific methods, and validate a design through testing. Praxis II gave me the chance to apply these more thoroughly across a full design cycle.

Design projects

Project 01

Praxis I

Left-handed whiteboard use in the EngSci Common Room. Stakeholder-driven framing and iterative convergence led to an erasable permanent marker solution.

Project 02

CIV102 Bridge

Team 306 structural bridge design using engineering analysis under real material and load constraints.

Project 03

Praxis II

Variable swim resistance device. Full design cycle from opportunity framing to prototype and showcase.

References

[1] A. Chen, M. Ehrlich, M. Chau, and B. Xiao, "Left-Handed Whiteboard Use in EngSci Common Room," student design report, University of Toronto, Dec. 2025.

[2] A. Chen, M. Ehrlich, M. Chau, and B. Xiao, "Design Report: Optimising Backpack Cable Storage," student design report, University of Toronto, Dec. 2025.

[3] C. Ma, E. Rioja Kuri Kassis, and B. Xiao, "CIV102 Project Team 306 Design Report," structural design report, University of Toronto, Mar. 2026.

[4] C. Ma, E. Rioja Kuri Kassis, and B. Xiao, "CIV102 Project Team 306 Design Calculations," structural design calculations, University of Toronto, Mar. 2026.

[5] A. Gaspari, E. Muslu, I. Xing, and B. Xiao, "Praxis II Showcase Presentation," design showcase presentation, University of Toronto, Apr. 2026.

[6] A. Gaspari, E. Muslu, I. Xing, and B. Xiao, "Praxis RFP Notes: Diverging," design process notes, University of Toronto, 2026.

[7] A. Gaspari, E. Muslu, I. Xing, and B. Xiao, "Showcase Preparation: Requirements," design document, University of Toronto, 2026.